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Cannabis is big business. More and more states are passing medical use laws and the recreation-al cannabis market will not be far behind. Medical use is principally targeted on cannabidiol (CBD) extracts while extracts of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) have led the leisure market’s development of everything from oils for vaping to edible candy.

The key to all products, nevertheless, is the extraction stage. Use of advanced chemical methods and high-tech industrial machinery has allowed cannabis producers to experiment with new approaches. These state-of-the-artwork methods have led to new forms of cannabis extracts equivalent to vape oils, oral tinctures, crumbles, and wax concentrates.

The three most used extraction strategies by the cannabis business are alcohol extraction, hydrocarbon extraction, and supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) extraction. As with most things in life, there are pros and cons for each of these methods.

Alcohol extraction uses ethanol and may be performed cold, hot, or at room temperature. It remains probably the most efficient extraction methods. Nonetheless, the recent ethanol often extracts undesirable chlorophyll and plant waxes and requires clarification or correction steps. The cold process reduces these contaminants at the value of longer extraction times. Room temperature ethanol extraction splits these differences.

Hydrocarbon extraction uses butane or propane, solvents with much lower boiling points than ethanol. These solvents extract more of the plant terpenes, which provide more taste and aroma and are subsequently higher for vape oils or oral tinctures. Nevertheless, like the alcohol methodology, scaling as much as giant batches is tough and presents significant safety hazards.

CO2 extraction necessitates costly, high tech specialized pressure and temperature management equipment to handle turning gaseous CO2 right into a supercritical fluid or cryogen. The liquid CO2, with careful management, easily extracts oils and waxes and in some makes use of requires little to no post-processing. The CO2 extraction process is highly tunable, permitting completely different pressures and temperatures to extract distinctive botanical compounds.

Safety considerations

Following the dialogue above, it is apparent that of the three fundamental extraction strategies involve use of extraordinarily flammable solvents. The third involves using a cryogen with its own particular safety concerns. Subsequently, cannabis extraction, particularly at production scale, entails some significant safety issues.

First, establish all hazards. This begins by building a chemical stock or list of chemical compounds with associated essential information akin to materials owner, date acquired, quantity on hand, storage location, and accompanying safety data sheet (SDS).

SDSs are the second critical element and contain sixteen specific sections detailing information on the chemical’s constituents, physical properties, health hazards, first aid measures, personal protective equipment, and special dealing with and disposal requirements.2 The SDS comprises all the information wanted to develop your HCP and is critical if an exposure or incident occurs. Guarantee access to the SDS is available within a few minutes always (e.g. 24/7).

Train staff

After figuring out hazards and building stock of hazardous chemicals, conduct the communication part of the program. This means getting the critical information to workers (e.g. training our workers on the hazards of each chemical).

In addition to the hazards, employees ought to obtain training on the potential exposure routes, signs, and symptoms of exposure and chemical warning properties (or lack thereof). Training must also embody any personal protective equipment essential for utilizing the chemical as well as incident response, mitigation steps, and first aid measures.

Preventive and proactive health and safety is crucial—this means the timing of training matters. All staff should receive training prior to beginning any work with hazardous chemicals. Annual refresher training is highly recommended. Conduct a radical evaluate and re-training after any shut-call or incident.

Evaluate exposures

Industrial hygienists are trained to anticipate, acknowledge, evaluate, and management all potential health and safety hazards in the workplace. Knowing that many chemical solvents pose significant risk for exposure and health penalties, we must admit that publicity assessments are necessary.

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